过硫酸盐活化方式与氧化降解有机物效能及其在污染场地修复中的应用

过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）及过二硫酸盐（PDS）在工业污染场地修复中应用广泛，通过活化作用能够产生氧化性更强的·\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\text{-}}自由基，从而更好地氧化降解有机污染物。本文比较了几种典型活化方式，包括紫外（UV）、碱、过渡金属、热以及含碳物质，并分析了它们的优缺点及适用条件；讨论了过硫酸盐活化机理及动力学过程；分析了无机阴离子（Cl^-、\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\text{-}}\text{/}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\mathrm{2}\text{-}}、\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\text{-}}、\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\text{-}}、\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}\text{-}}、{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\text{-}}）与·\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\text{-}}自由基相互作用及其对有机污染物氧化降解的影响；针对活化过硫酸盐在工业污染场地修复领域的应用，对过硫酸盐活化方法的发展趋势进行了展望。理论研究和实践表明，过硫酸盐不同活化方式为工业污染场地修复提供了多样选择，多种活化方式协同作用将是过硫酸盐高效活化氧化降解有机污染物的发展方向。由于Cl^-、\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\text{-}}\text{/}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\mathrm{2}\text{-}}抢夺·\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\text{-}}的能力较强，认为这些无机盐与有机物复合的污染场地或土壤采用PDS修复需格外谨慎选择活化方法。     

Feasibility of CANON process for treating nitrogenous wastewater containing heavy metals

The appearance of heavy metals in wastewater brings a major burden to wastewater treatment plants, due to the high toxicity to microorganisms. Several commonly used heavy metals, including Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) were adopted to clear the individual and joint toxicity to the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in six sequencing batch reactors. The obtained results suggested that the nitrogen removal performances were transiently inhibited, but rapidly recovered. The restoration period under the stress of Hg(II) and Pb(II) was shorter than that under Zn(II), Cd(II), and the joint heavy metals. During the long-term exposure, Cd(II) in 1mg L⁻¹ slightly inhibited the nitrogen removal, while Zn(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), and mixture showed a negligible impact on CANON process. The defense of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the good adaptability of functional bacteria, and the inducement of resistant genera by heavy metals all contributed to the robustness and stability of CANON process. Therefore, it is feasible to treat nitrogenous wastewater containing low heavy metals using CANON process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

土壤中石油污染物的脱附过程

文章中主要采用有机溶剂萃取法（OSE）对高浓度石油污染土壤进行修复，经过精馏操作，有效回收原油，建立脱附等温曲线，研究了石油污染物在土壤-有机溶剂两相间的迁移规律。     

New Insights to Clathrin and Adaptor Protein 2 for the Design and Development of Therapeutic Strategies

The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) has been extensively studied for its role as the precursor of the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, our understanding of the normal function of APP is still patchy. Emerging evidence indicates that a dysfunction in APP trafficking and degradation can be responsible for neuronal deficits and progressive degeneration in humans. We recently reported that the Y₆₈₂ mutation in the ₆₈₂YENPTY₆₈₇ domain of APP affects its binding to specific adaptor proteins and leads to its anomalous trafficking, to defects in the autophagy machinery and to neuronal degeneration. In order to identify adaptors that influence APP function, we performed pull-down experiments followed by quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) on hippocampal tissue extracts of three month-old mice incubated with either the ₆₈₂YENPTY₆₈₇ peptide, its mutated form, ₆₈₂GENPTY₆₈₇ or its phosphorylated form, ₆₈₂pYENPTY₆₈₇. Our experiments resulted in the identification of two proteins involved in APP internalization and trafficking: Clathrin heavy chain (hc) and its Adaptor Protein 2 (AP-2). Overall our results consolidate and refine the importance of Y₆₈₂ in APP normal functions from an animal model of premature aging and dementia. Additionally, they open the perspective to consider Clathrin hc and AP-2 as potential targets for the design and development of new therapeutic strategies.     

天然土壤胶体对U(Ⅵ)迁移的影响

以石英砂为填充介质，采用动态柱实验方法研究了某中低放处置场地表土壤胶体对U(Ⅵ)在石英砂柱中迁移行为的影响，并结合静态批式实验探究了土壤胶体对U(Ⅵ)迁移的影响机制。结果表明，当U(Ⅵ)进样质量浓度从1.0 mg/L增大至5.0 mg/L时，U(Ⅵ)在石英砂柱中的穿透速率显著增大，且达到洗脱平衡时所需淋洗液的体积从250 PVs（孔隙体积）增大至400 PVs。与U(Ⅵ)相比，土壤胶体在石英砂柱内迁移较快，这可能是由于土壤胶体与石英砂之间相互作用较弱所致。土壤胶体与U(Ⅵ)共存体系中，U(Ⅵ)的迁移速率明显增大，而土壤胶体迁移速率无显著变化，表明共存体系中U(Ⅵ)的迁移行为主要受土壤胶体所控制。静态吸附实验表明，在石英砂-U(Ⅵ)二元体系中，pH≈6.0时石英砂对U(Ⅵ)的吸附率最大，而在胶体-石英砂-U(Ⅵ)三元体系中，U(Ⅵ)主要在土壤胶体表面发生吸附。本研究所用土壤中胶体的质量分数仅约占0.04%，但可吸附20%U(Ⅵ)（初始质量浓度为5.0 mg/L）；由此可见，土壤胶体可与U(Ⅵ)发生强的相互作用，进而对U(Ⅵ)在真实环境体系中的吸附、迁移和扩散等行为产生至关重要的影响。     

Relations between asphaltene content,viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil and ultrasonic parameters

Ultrasonic treatment could decrease the viscosity of heavy oil and previous study on had focused on one heavy oil sample and involved less on the influence of asphaltene content. This study examined the effect of asphaltene content on viscosity reduction rate by ultrasonication. A comparison on samples with various asphaltene content and vibration parameter was made. The results showed that the optimal vibration frequency might decrease as the asphaltene content increased, whereas the optimal vibration intensity and the optimal treatment time were suggested to be enlarged. A semi-quantitative correlation was matched, which helped for numerical simulation about ultrasonic treatment.     

二乙基三胺五乙酸浸取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定石灰性土壤中有效态铜锌铁锰

采用二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)浸提石灰性土壤样品中有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn后,样品溶液基体盐分较大,此时若直接采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行测定,极易使仪器的采样锥和截取锥发生堵塞,雾室和炬管积盐,进而影响测定准确性。据此,实验用DTPA浸提样品后,采用对样品溶液稀释10~30倍和在标准溶液系列中加入DTPA溶液进行基体匹配的方法以消除基体干扰,利用氦碰撞模式进行测定以消除多原子离子⁴⁰Ar¹⁶O对⁵⁶Fe的质谱干扰,最终实现了ICP-MS对石灰性土壤中有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的测定。对氦气流量进行了优化,并确定氦气流量为4.5mL/min。在优化的实验条件下,Cu、Zn的质量浓度为5~200ng/mL、Fe的质量浓度为100~3000ng/mL、Mn的质量浓度为30~1000ng/mL时,各元素质量浓度分别与其计数值呈线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.9998。方法检出限为0.003~0.01mg/kg。按照实验方法测定土壤有效态成分分析标准物质中的有效态Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn,测定值与认定值一致,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%~3.1%。采用实验方法和标准方法HJ 804—2016(电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法)进行方法对照试验,二者测定值基本一致。     

岩矿稀有金属化学分析技术浅析

分析当前较为常用的岩矿稀有元素分析技术方法,并对几种常见的稀有元素分析方法进行了阐述,希望为我国矿产勘探领域提供一些有价值的参考借鉴。     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

热力学分析MnS夹杂物析出与控制

 为了深入研究与控制重轨钢中大尺寸MnS夹杂物,针对目前热力学计算MnS析出行为问题,提出在应用时需要根据实际条件做相应的选择进行计算。在比较了目前几个常用的热力学数据后,基于U75V钢中MnS夹杂物形成过程,建立了适合计算MnS夹杂物析出的分段计算方法。研究表明,采用FactSage 6.4商业软件计算MnS析出温度为1 631 K,与平衡热力学参数计算的结果1 694 K相差63 K。该方法可准确预测MnS的析出行为,降低了热力学分析MnS析出的难度。在1 473、1 573 和1 673 K 3个温度下固溶硫质量分数分别为0.000 67%、0.001 67%和0.010 8%。在铸坯轧制之前的开坯和保温温度为1 563 K时,需要将钢中硫质量分数降低到0.001 67%以下,才能有效控制大尺寸的MnS夹杂物。